{"id":13013,"date":"2024-01-06T12:40:16","date_gmt":"2024-01-06T10:40:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rpegy.org\/?post_type=editions&p=13013"},"modified":"2026-01-24T02:50:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T00:50:26","slug":"against-the-anti-migrant-and-anti-black-policies-of-the-eu-and-tunisia","status":"publish","type":"editions","link":"https:\/\/seta.rpegy.org\/en\/editions\/against-the-anti-migrant-and-anti-black-policies-of-the-eu-and-tunisia\/","title":{"rendered":"Against The Anti-Migrant And Anti-Black Policies Of The EU And Tunisia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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An open letter from 379 researchers and members of civil society from the Global South and the Global North against the \u201cMemorandum of Understanding on a Strategic and Comprehensive Partnership between the European Union (EU) and Tunisia\u201d and against the EU\u2019s border externalisation policies.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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As researchers and members of civil society from the Global South and the Global North, we are collectively taking a stand against the \u201cMemorandum of Understanding on a Strategic and Comprehensive Partnership between the European Union (EU) and Tunisia\u201d, signed<\/a>\u00a0on 16 July 2023, and against the EU\u2019s border externalisation policies. We also oppose the various\u00a0public<\/a>\u00a0statements<\/a>\u00a0targeting migrants made by\u00a0Tunisian President<\/a>\u00a0Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed<\/a>, the\u00a0Ministry of the Interior<\/a>, the\u00a0Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/a>, and\u00a0several<\/a>\u00a0members<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0Assembly of the Representatives of the People<\/a>\u00a0(ARP)<\/a>\u00a0since February 2023.<\/p>\n

While Tunisia\u2019s alignment with EU border externalisation policies has\u00a0long<\/a>\u00a0been\u00a0documented<\/a>, we denounce what we view today as marking a dangerous turning point in the endorsement of these policies and of the racist assumptions that underpin them. Tunisian authorities have been increasingly displaying their determination to maintain and strengthen a\u00a0system of exclusion and exploitation<\/a>\u00a0of nationals of sub-Saharan African countries. Instead of condemning this\u00a0racist escalation<\/a>, based on the populist and\u00a0conspiracy-infused<\/a>\u00a0discourses<\/a>\u00a0characterising the country\u2019s current\u00a0authoritarian drift<\/a>, European representatives are instrumentalizing so-called irregular migration by\u00a0presenting<\/a>\u00a0it as a \u201cshared plague<\/a>\u201d. The EU is therefore opportunistically and irresponsibly backing the President\u2019s stances and fueling anti-migrant and anti-Black hatred, while claiming to be helping Tunisia protect its own borders, rather than those of Europe.<\/p>\n

We express our full solidarity with people on the move and reject all hate speech on both sides of the Mediterranean. As researchers and members of civil society working on these issues, we also wish to counteract the disinformation spread by certain\u00a0politicians<\/a>,\u00a0journalists<\/a>, and\u00a0individuals<\/a>\u00a0posing as Tunisian academics, who forge racist arguments devoid of any factual basis. There is an urgent need to question the reasons why vulnerable populations are being used as scapegoats to mask the failures of public policy in Tunisia.<\/p>\n

No, nationals of sub-Saharan African countries are not \u201c<\/strong>plaguing<\/strong><\/a>\u201d Tunisia<\/strong><\/p>\n

It was indeed the President\u2019s\u00a0speech<\/a>\u00a0of 21 February 2023, referring to \u201chordes of sub-Saharan migrants\u201d threatening the country\u2019s \u201cdemographic composition\u201d, which triggered\u00a0violent attacks<\/a>\u00a0targeting Black people, as well as widespread\u00a0arbitrary arrests<\/a>,\u00a0sudden evictions and terminations of employment<\/a>. While several embassies organised repatriation flights, many people fled via sea \u2013 the\u00a0number of shipwrecks<\/a>\u00a0and of\u00a0deaths and disappearances<\/a>\u00a0off the Tunisian coast increased dramatically during this period. A few hundred people are still holding a sit-in in front of the offices of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Tunis, asking to be\u00a0evacuated<\/a>\u00a0or resettled to safe countries.<\/p>\n

In early July, these attacks escalated again in the city of\u00a0Sfax<\/a>\u00a0following the killing of a Tunisian citizen which was attributed to a national of a sub-Saharan country, and which was preceded by the\u00a0stabbing and death<\/a>\u00a0of a Beninese man. Against a backdrop of\u00a0unabashed<\/a>\u00a0hate speech<\/a>, Tunisian security forces intensified their\u00a0raids<\/a>\u00a0in Sfax, deporting\u00a0at least<\/a>\u00a01,200 sub-Saharan nationals<\/a>\u00a0to the borders with Libya and Algeria, in inaccessible and militarised desert zones. Having been abandoned there without water and food, and having often been violently abused, many of those forcibly deported shared\u00a0distressing images<\/a>\u00a0and videos. These grave violations have been\u00a0denied<\/a>\u00a0by the\u00a0Ministry of the Interior<\/a>. To date, at least 20 deaths have been\u00a0confirmed<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0various sources<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 the actual number is likely to be far greater.<\/p>\n

Behind the racialising categorisations of \u201csub-Saharan\u201d, \u201cAfrican\u201d or \u201cirregular\u201d migrants, are students, workers, refugees and asylum seekers, people who travelled to Tunisia for medical care, people who have been waiting years for their residence permits, as well as people who have been unable to leave the country to renew their visas. This\u00a0diversity<\/a>\u00a0of backgrounds and statuses is rendered invisible, resulting in further marginalising and dehumanising people. Many foreign nationals in Tunisia are unable to regularise their stay due to an\u00a0outdated and incoherent legal framework<\/a>, and to slow and intricate administrative procedures. As is the case for many Tunisians in Europe, their mobility and residency are rendered irregular by laws and practices that classify nationals of the African continent as \u201cdesirable\u201d and \u201cundesirable\u201d, and that\u00a0criminalise<\/a>\u00a0a large segment of its youth. By contrast, the irregular stay of migrants from Western countries \u2013 which is rather widespread in Tunisia \u2013 is not viewed as a security problem.<\/p>\n

In addition, there is no evidence to suggest that migrant workers are responsible for the deterioration of the Tunisian economy, as is instead claimed by the\u00a0xenophobic discourses<\/a>\u00a0of certain authorities. Like many Tunisians, foreign workers are in fact often\u00a0exploited<\/a>\u00a0and exposed to high levels of insecurity and food vulnerability. The current economic crisis in Tunisia is instead rooted in a lack of\u00a0economic prospects<\/a>, in the fallout of internationally-backed\u00a0austerity policies<\/a>\u00a0and public\u00a0debt<\/a>\u00a0management, and in the Tunisian state\u2019s inability to address socio-economic\u00a0inequalities<\/a>.<\/p>\n

No, the Memorandum with the EU does not protect Tunisian sovereignty<\/strong><\/p>\n

In his speeches, President Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed claims to defend Tunisia\u2019s sovereignty, declaring that he refuses turning the country into\u00a0a place of \u201cresettlement\u201d<\/a>\u00a0for migrants expelled from Europe. He also professes to reject letting Tunisia be a \u201ccountry of transit or a place of settlement<\/a>\u201d, stating that it will not play the role of the\u00a0EU\u2019s border guard<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, his adhering to the\u00a0Memorandum<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 in which the EU vouches to provide financial support to Tunisia for border management \u2013 shows that Tunisia will continue to endorse and integrate European policy objectives by fully committing to securing the EU\u2019s borders. The President is thus maintaining\u00a0the same course of action as his predecessors<\/a>, and could go even further, since the agreement mentions a \u201csystem for identifying and returning irregular migrants already present in Tunisia to their countries of origin.\u201d This would suggest the development of the \u201chotspot<\/a>\u201d approach, whereby migratory flows are managed at the EU\u2019s external borders, in countries like Tunisia, preventing people on the move any access to the European continent. While the government claims to reject the settlement of sub-Saharan nationals in Tunisia, this course of action would in fact result in their confinement in the country.<\/p>\n

No, neither Tunisian nor European populations will benefit from this Memorandum<\/strong><\/p>\n

In line with the\u00a0migration agreements underwritten before and after the 2011 revolution<\/a>\u00a0between Tunisia, the EU, and different European countries, this Memorandum was signed in a non-transparent manner, without any prior consultation with members of parliament, trade unions or civil society. It neither includes any specific guarantees for the respect of fundamental rights, nor does it contain any monitoring provisions for the use of the financial and material aid allocated to Tunisian security forces.<\/p>\n

The EU is thus effectively giving Tunisia a blank check, following a strategy that is all the more irresponsible given its inefficacy. As long as the structural socio-economic causes of so-called irregular migration are not\u00a0tackled<\/a>, and as long as access to mobility is not radically rethought, this security approach to border management will only make crossings more deadly and\u00a0strengthen<\/a>\u00a0smugglers.<\/p>\n

This Memorandum will further amplify the\u00a0asymmetries<\/a>\u00a0in the access to mobility and opportunities between the EU and Tunisia, notably by contributing to what is termed the \u201cbrain drain<\/a>\u201d, and to the economic models that fuel the causes of migration and the widening of inequalities. In return, the incentives proposed by the EU, such as visa facilitations for \u201cskilled partnerships\u201d, have already been promised to Tunisia\u00a0without<\/a>\u00a0ever actually\u00a0materialising<\/a>. The externalisation of Europe\u2019s borders thus affects all those deemed \u201cundesirable\u201d by the EU: both Tunisians and other nationals of the African continent.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, the Memorandum\u2019s alleged desire to \u201cpreserve human life\u201d is hardly credible given that\u00a0nearly 27,000 people have died<\/a>\u00a0or have gone missing in the Mediterranean since 2014 due to EU and various member state policies of\u00a0withdrawing from and criminalising rescue at sea<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The only way to truly uphold the interests and dignity of Tunisians and of all other people on the move present in the country is to establish a constructive dialogue with both Tunisian and non-Tunisian people affected by these policies, as well as with the various collectives and organisations representing them, with members of civil society, and with the research community. These exchanges should give rise to a collective reflection on political alternatives to the current murderous border regime, recognising migration as a right and as an asset for all.<\/p>\n

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LIST OF SIGNATORIES<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An open letter from 379 researchers and members of civil society from the Global South and the Global North against the \u201cMemorandum of Understanding on a Strategic and Comprehensive Partnership between the European Union (EU) and Tunisia\u201d and against the EU\u2019s border externalisation policies. As researchers and members of civil society from the Global South […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":13011,"template":"","meta":{"editions-author":[],"pdf-attach":"https:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/Refoulementparprocuration.pdf, https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Issues\/Migration\/GlobalCompactMigration\/CriminalisationIrregularImmigration.pdf, https:\/\/www.ritimo.org\/IMG\/pdf\/EuroMed-Rapport_Tunisie.pdf, https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/tunesien\/19559.pdf, http:\/\/migreurop.org\/IMG\/pdf\/notes_plaidoyer_fr.pdf","map":"7FRM+8X Hurghada, Egypt"},"editions_tags":[],"editions_categories":[1825,339],"class_list":["post-13013","editions","type-editions","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","editions_categories-statements"],"yoast_head":"\nAgainst The Anti-Migrant And Anti-Black Policies Of The EU And Tunisia - \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 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